Chronic cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa simulating recurrent thrombophlebitis

A 30-year-old man who had 12 repeated hospital admissions within a period of 7 years for localized pain and swelling of the extremities is described. Excision biopsy of several subcutaneous lesions revealed histologic changes typical of polyarteritis nodosa (PN). Systemic disease was excluded because of a normal testicular biopsy, negative abdominal angiogram, and the lack of evidence for renal or other visceral involvement. Response to steroid therapy was excellent. Cutaneous PN is a distinct subset of polyarteritis with a chronic course and excellent prognosis. The present case underlines the need for a greater awareness, and for considering early biopsy of suspected lesions in patients with multiple episodes of apparent superficial thrombophlebitis.