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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.1K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Same author

[Could the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors be discontinued after 2 years of application? Pros and cons for the development of a national guideline.]

Magyar onkologia·2026
Same author

Erratum: Simultaneous Durvalumab and Platinum-Based Chemoradiotherapy in Unresectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase III PACIFIC-2 Study.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
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[Modern treatment of lung cancer with immunotherapy].

Magyar onkologia·2025
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Simultaneous Durvalumab and Platinum-Based Chemoradiotherapy in Unresectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase III PACIFIC-2 Study.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2025
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Improvements in cancer survival in Hungary: a nationwide epidemiology study between 2011-2019 based on a health insurance fund database.

Frontiers in oncology·2025
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Revising cancer incidence in a Central European country: a Hungarian nationwide study between 2011-2019 based on a health insurance fund database.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Orthotopic Transplantation of Syngeneic Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Study PD-L1 Expression
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Orthotopic Transplantation of Syngeneic Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Study PD-L1 Expression

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[Immunotherapy for lung cancer].

Gyula Ostoros1

  • 1VIII. Tüdõbelgyógyászat, Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet, Budapest, Hungary. drostorosgyula@gmail.com.

Magyar Onkologia
|June 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are revolutionizing lung cancer treatment. Pembrolizumab is now a first-line standard for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with high PD-L1 expression, significantly improving survival.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Lung cancer is strongly linked to tobacco smoking, resulting in high mutation rates and immunogenicity.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a significant advancement in treating various malignancies, including lung cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  • To highlight the impact of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in different treatment settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data, including the KEYNOTE-024 trial.
  • Analysis of approved and investigational immune checkpoint inhibitors for NSCLC.

Main Results:

  • Nivolumab, pembrolizumab (PD-1 inhibitors), and atezolizumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) are approved for second-line advanced NSCLC.

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Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
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  • Pembrolizumab demonstrated doubled progression-free survival and improved overall survival in PD-L1 expressing NSCLC, establishing it as a first-line standard.
  • Avelumab and durvalumab show promising activity.

    • Conclusions:

    • Immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly pembrolizumab, have transformed first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression.
    • Ongoing trials are exploring combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy, targeted agents, and adjuvant therapies in lung cancer.