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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture
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Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture

Published on: November 25, 2025

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Difficulties in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Conversion versus surgeon's failure.

Aun Ali1, Summaya Saeed1, Rabel Khawaja2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Jinnah Medical College Hospital Karachi, Pakistan.

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
|June 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Early conversion to open cholecystectomy in difficult gall stone cases can prevent complications. This strategy, when needed, is not a sign of surgeon failure but a crucial decision for patient safety.

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Gastroenterology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard for symptomatic gall stones.
  • Difficult cases with altered anatomy pose challenges even for experienced surgeons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the advantages of early conversion to open cholecystectomy in complex gall stone cases.
  • To establish conversion as a judicious surgical decision, not an indicator of failure.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study was conducted from January 2012 to June 2015 at a tertiary care hospital.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, operative difficulties, conversion rates, reasons for conversion, and complications.
  • Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.

Main Results:

Keywords:
ConversionFailureGall stonesLaparoscopic CholecystectomyOpen cholecystectomy

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Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture
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  • Out of 1026 patients, 96.68% had successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  • Only 3.13% of patients required conversion to open cholecystectomy due to difficult dissections.
  • A significant difference in complications was noted between completed and converted procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Conversion to open cholecystectomy is recommended in technically challenging situations to minimize mortality and morbidity.
  • Surgeons' experience is critical in determining the necessity and justification for conversion.