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The oyster immunity.

Lingling Wang1, Xiaorui Song1, Linsheng Song1

  • 1Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China.

Developmental and Comparative Immunology
|June 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oysters possess a complex innate immune system, featuring adaptable mechanisms like immune priming and maternal transfer. Their neuroendocrine systems offer insights into the evolution of immunity in invertebrates.

Keywords:
Apoptosis and autophagyHematopoiesisImmune primingInnate immune systemNeuroendocrine-immune regulationOyster

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Immunology
  • Invertebrate Zoology

Background:

  • Oysters are globally significant aquaculture species and crucial ecosystem engineers.
  • As invertebrates, oysters exhibit a sophisticated innate immune system for pathogen defense.
  • Key immune processes include recognition, signal transduction, antimicrobial peptide synthesis, encapsulation, and phagocytosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on the oyster immune system and immunomodulation.
  • To explore the role of primitive neuroendocrine systems in oyster immunity.
  • To highlight oysters as a model for studying immune system evolution and neuroendocrine-immune networks.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic analysis of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) identified expanded innate immune genes.
  • Characterization of hematopoietic tissues, hematopoiesis, and circulating hemocytes.
  • Review of existing literature on oyster immune responses, including apoptosis and autophagy.

Main Results:

  • The Crassostrea gigas genome shows significant expansion and divergence of innate immune genes.
  • Immune priming and maternal immune transfer demonstrate adaptability in oyster immunity.
  • Apoptosis and autophagy are confirmed as critical immune mechanisms in oysters.

Conclusions:

  • Oysters possess a highly evolved and adaptable innate immune system.
  • Primitive neuroendocrine systems (catecholaminergic, cholinergic, neuropeptides, GABAergic, nitric oxide) modulate oyster immunity.
  • Oysters serve as valuable models for understanding the evolution of immune systems and neuroendocrine-immune interactions in lower invertebrates.