Microbial trimethylamine-N-oxide as a disease marker: something fishy?
Bjarne Landfald1, Jørgen Valeur2, Arnold Berstad2
1Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Abstract:
Production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) via the gut microbiota has recently been proposed as an important pathophysiological mechanism linking ingestion of 'unhealthy foods', such as beef (containing carnitine) and eggs (containing choline), and the development of atherosclerosis. Hence, TMAO has gained attention as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease. However, fish and seafood contain considerable amounts of TMAO and are generally accepted as cardioprotective: a puzzling paradox that seems to have been neglected. We suspect that the TMAO story may be a red herring.
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