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Animal intelligence as encephalization.

H J Jerison

    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
    |February 13, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Animal intelligence remains debated, but brain size (encephalization) offers clues. Evolved behaviors requiring enhanced neural processing suggest diverse, plural "intelligences" across species.

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    Area of Science:

    • Comparative psychology
    • Neuroscience
    • Evolutionary biology

    Background:

    • The nature of animal intelligence lacks scientific consensus despite extensive research.
    • Quantitative analyses of relative brain size (encephalization) are key to understanding biological correlates of animal cognition.
    • Encephalization patterns suggest an evolutionary drive linked to cognitive complexity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between encephalization and the evolution of specific behaviors in animals.
    • To determine what behavioral dimensions correlate with increased brain size across species.
    • To explore the concept of 'intelligence' as a pluralistic, evolved trait.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of relative brain size (encephalization) as a measure of neural capacity.

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  • Correlating encephalization with behavioral traits that exceed body size-related differences.
  • Comparative analysis across diverse animal species.

    • Main Results:

    • Encephalization exhibits orderly evolutionary patterns, suggesting a biological basis for cognitive abilities.
    • Behaviors requiring augmented neural information processing capacity evolved alongside encephalization.
    • These complex behaviors are not uniform, indicating species-specific cognitive adaptations.

    Conclusions:

    • Encephalization provides a strong biological correlate for evolved cognitive capacities in animals.
    • The evolution of increased brain size is linked to the development of complex behaviors.
    • This perspective supports the idea of multiple, distinct 'intelligences' evolving in different species based on their unique cognitive demands.