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Dark Flow, Depression and Multiline Slot Machine Play.

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  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

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|June 8, 2017
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Multiline slot machines create losses disguised as wins (LDWs), which players physiologically treat as wins. This promotes "dark flow," a state linked to problem gambling, depression, and gambling expectancies, especially in multiline games.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Gambling Studies
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Multiline slot machines feature "losses disguised as wins" (LDWs), where players gain credits but less than their wager.
  • LDWs are physiologically perceived as wins, despite being net losses, and contribute to a player's immersive experience termed "dark flow."
  • Previous research suggests links between dark flow, problem gambling, depression, and gambling expectancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of LDWs on game preference between single-line and multiline slot machines.
  • To further explore the relationships between dark flow, problem gambling, depression, and gambling expectancies.
  • To examine physiological arousal responses to LDWs using a slot machine simulator.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a realistic slot machine simulator with a force transducer to measure button-press force as an arousal indicator.
  • Assessed participants' game preference, affect, and experience of "dark flow" across single-line and multiline slot games.
  • Measured problem gambling severity, depression symptomatology, and gambling expectancies.

Main Results:

  • LDWs elicited physiological arousal similar to small wins.
  • Participants showed a strong preference for multiline slots, reporting more positive affect compared to single-line slots.
  • Problem gambling severity, depression, and gambling expectancies were significantly correlated with dark flow, particularly in the multiline game.

Conclusions:

  • LDWs contribute to a preferred, immersive gaming experience in multiline slots, potentially exacerbating gambling-related issues.
  • The
  • dark flow
  • phenomenon is strongly associated with problem gambling and psychological factors in the context of modern slot machine design.
  • Findings highlight the importance of understanding LDWs and their psychological impact in the design and regulation of slot machines.