Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Ascending Aortic Constriction in Rats for Creation of Pressure Overload Cardiac Hypertrophy Model
Published on: June 29, 2014
Sex differences in aortic augmentation index in adolescents
Jennifer Y Barraclough1, Frances L Garden, Brett Toelle
1aSydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital bHeart Research Institute, Sydney cWoolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales dSouth Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney eIngham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales fUniversity of Sydney, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School gThe Heart Centre for Children hKids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Augmentation index (AIx) is higher in adolescent girls than boys, closely linked to changes in height during puberty. Puberty measures do not independently explain this sex difference in AIx.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular physiology
- Adolescent health
- Pediatric cardiology
Background:
- Augmentation index (AIx) is a noninvasive measure of pulse wave reflection, associated with cardiovascular disease.
- Adult women exhibit higher AIx than men, but the underlying factors for this sex-related difference are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate factors associated with AIx in adolescents.
- To explore the relationship between AIx, height changes, and pubertal development in adolescents.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study, assessing participants at age 14.
- Measured AIx standardized to a heart rate of 75/min (AIx_75) and pulse wave velocity.
- Assessed associations of AIx_75 and pulse wave velocity with height, change in height, and pubertal measures.
Main Results:
- AIx_75 was significantly higher in adolescent girls than boys.
- Lower AIx_75 correlated with greater height change between ages 8 and 14, but not achieved height.
- The sex difference in AIx was not independently explained by puberty variables, though early life factors differed between sexes.
Conclusions:
- AIx is higher in adolescent girls than boys at age 14.
- The sex difference in AIx is strongly associated with changes in height during adolescence.
- Pubertal development measures do not appear to independently influence the observed sex difference in AIx among adolescents.
Related Concept Videos
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

