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Employing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in a Resource Limited Environment to Establish Brain-Behavior Relationships

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Evolving story: trepanation and self-trepanation to enhance brain function.

Charles André¹

¹Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil.

Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria

|June 8, 2017

Summary

Trepanation, the practice of drilling a hole in the skull, gained traction in the 1960s as a method for enhancing mental well-being. Its future is uncertain as key proponents age.

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Area of Science:

Anthropology
History of Medicine
Cultural Studies

Background:

Trepanation resurged in the 1960s, promoted by a Dutch student advocating it for increased cerebral blood flow.
The practice was popularized through self-experimentation, publications, films, and institutional promotion.

Discussion:

The movement involved self-trepanation, collaborative research with Russian scientists, and the establishment of organizations.
Promotional activities included organizing trips for individuals seeking the procedure in Central and South America.

Key Insights:

Dozens of individuals currently seek trepanation for spiritualization and enhanced mental capabilities.
The practice is linked to a counter-culture movement influenced by psychoactive drug use and alternative health beliefs.

Outlook:

The long-term future of the trepanation phenomenon remains uncertain due to the aging demographic of its main proponents.
Continued interest may depend on new generations adopting or adapting the practice.