[ANCA-associated vasculitides at Mexico City's metropolitan Eastern area]

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology and Immunology
• Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
• Vasculitis Research

Background:

• Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides (ANCA-associated vasculitides) encompass granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPW), Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).
• These conditions are characterized by inflammation of small to medium-sized blood vessels.
• Limited published data exists on ANCA-associated vasculitides in specific geographic regions due to their low incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize the clinical presentation, disease activity, and damage of ANCA-associated vasculitides in Mexico City's eastern metropolitan area.
• To provide regional data on the prevalence and characteristics of these rare autoimmune diseases.
• To contribute to the understanding of vasculitis epidemiology in Latin America.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective study of 28 patients diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitis.
• Classification followed ACR 1990 criteria, Chapel Hill 2012 consensus, and EULAR 2007 recommendations.
• Disease activity assessed using Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS), and damage using Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI).

Main Results:

• Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPW) was the predominant diagnosis (20 cases), followed by Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) (8 cases); microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) was absent.
• The mean age of patients was 50.1 years, with a mean disease evolution time of 69 months.
• Significant reduction in disease activity was observed, with initial BVAS mean of 10.5 decreasing to 1.5 (p < 0.001), and a global VDI of 2.4.

Conclusions:

• ANCA-associated vasculitides are rare in the eastern metropolitan area of Mexico City.
• GPW is more prevalent than CSS, and MPA was not observed in this cohort.
• These multi-system vasculitides present with high initial disease activity and result in moderate long-term damage.