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Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
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Human cortical activity evoked by contextual processing in attentional orienting.

Shuo Zhao1,2,3, Chunlin Li4, Shota Uono5

  • 1Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.

Scientific Reports
|June 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Contextual processing influences attention orienting via neural activity in the ventral frontoparietal network, especially under invalid cue conditions. This study found no differences between gaze and arrow cues in this neural response.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Social Cognition
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Gaze and arrow cues guide attention similarly, crucial for social communication.
  • Previous research often used simplified experimental conditions.
  • Contextual processing (cue-target congruence) modulates attentional orienting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms of attentional orienting by gaze and arrow cues under contextual processing.
  • To determine if contextual processing differentially affects neural activity for gaze versus arrow cues.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed.
  • Participants' neural activity was measured during attentional orienting tasks involving gaze and arrow cues.
  • Semantic congruence between cues and targets was manipulated (valid vs. invalid conditions).

Main Results:

  • Neural activity modulation by contextual processing occurred in the ventral frontoparietal network under invalid conditions.
  • No significant differences were found in the neural substrates of attentional orienting between gaze and arrow cues during contextual processing.
  • Behavioral data align with neuroimaging findings, supporting context's role.

Conclusions:

  • Contextual processing significantly influences attentional orienting via the ventral frontoparietal network.
  • The neural mechanisms underlying attentional orienting by gaze and arrow cues are similar when modulated by context.
  • Findings support a neurocognitive architecture where context shapes attention.