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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

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3D Imaging of the Liver Extracellular Matrix in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
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Epigenetics and Liver Fibrosis.

Eva Moran-Salvador1, Jelena Mann1

  • 1Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|June 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic mechanisms drive liver fibrosis by regulating scar tissue formation. Understanding these epigenetic changes offers new pathways for diagnosing and treating liver diseases.

Keywords:
CLD, chronic liver diseaseChronic Liver DiseaseCpG, cytosine-phospho-guanineDNA MethylationDNMT, DNA methyltransferaseEpigeneticsHDAC, histone deacetylaseHSC, hepatic stellate cellHistone ModificationsLiver FibrosisNAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseasePPAR, peroxisome proliferator activated receptorTET, Ten Eleven TranslocationmiRNA, microRNAncRNA, non-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Epigenetics
  • Fibrosis Research

Background:

  • Liver fibrosis results from chronic liver injury and an overactive wound healing response.
  • It is a common endpoint for various liver diseases, including alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, and cholestatic conditions.
  • While genetics play a role, epigenetic mechanisms are key regulators of liver fibrogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic mechanisms in liver fibrosis.
  • To highlight recent advances in epigenetic programming related to hepatic fibrosis.
  • To discuss the potential of epigenetic biomarkers and therapies for liver fibrosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on epigenetics and liver fibrosis.
  • Analysis of recent research on epigenetic programming in hepatic fibrosis.
  • Synthesis of information on epigenetic biomarkers and targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms significantly orchestrate fibrogenesis in the liver.
  • Advances in understanding epigenetic programming are emerging.
  • Development of epigenetic biomarkers and targeted therapies is a promising area.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are central to the development of liver fibrosis.
  • Targeting epigenetic pathways holds potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into epigenetic programming is crucial for combating liver fibrosis.