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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Association Between Depressive Symptom Patterns and Clinical Profiles Among Persons Living with HIV.

N E Kelso-Chichetto1, C N Okafor2, R L Cook3

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Depression symptom patterns vary significantly by HIV status in women and men. HIV-positive individuals, particularly women, face higher risks for severe depressive symptoms, impacting HIV prognosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Mental Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Depressive symptoms are common in people living with HIV (PLWH).
  • Understanding longitudinal depression patterns is crucial for managing HIV and co-occurring conditions.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms by HIV status over a decade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe 10-year patterns of depressive symptoms stratified by HIV status.
  • To determine associations between identified depressive symptom patterns, HIV status, and clinical profiles in a large cohort.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding mental health in PLWH.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized group-based trajectory models to identify distinct patterns of depressive symptoms from 2004-2013.
  • Analyzed data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (N=980) and Women's Interagency HIV Study (N=1744).
  • Employed multinomial logistic regressions to assess associations between depression risk patterns, HIV status, and clinical factors.

Main Results:

  • Identified 3 depression patterns in HIV-negative women and 5 in HIV-positive women.
  • Identified 4 depression patterns in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive men.
  • HIV-positive women showed higher odds for moderate and severe depression risk compared to low risk.
  • HIV-positive men had higher odds for moderate depression risk compared to low risk.
  • The Framingham Risk Score, ART use, and unsuppressed viral load were associated with depression patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms exist across HIV-negative and HIV-positive individuals, with higher risks observed in PLWH, especially women.
  • These findings highlight the need for integrated care addressing mental health in PLWH.
  • Clinicians should consider the impact of depressive symptoms on HIV prognosis and overall health outcomes.