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Related Concept Videos

Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

423
When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
423

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Related Experiment Video

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Production of a Strain-Measuring Device with an Improved 3D Printer
06:17

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3D Printing-Based Integrated Water Quality Sensing System.

Muinul Banna1, Kaustav Bera2, Ryan Sochol3

  • 1School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. banna.mh@gmail.com.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 3D printed interface enables continuous online water quality monitoring in drinking water supply networks. This innovation ensures accurate sensor readings despite fluctuating pressures and flow rates in water distribution systems.

Keywords:
3D-Printingminiaturized sensorsonline monitoringwater quality

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Sensor Technology
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Accurate online monitoring of drinking water is crucial for detecting contamination in water distribution systems (WDS).
  • Existing laboratory tests for miniaturized water quality sensors do not account for the fluctuating pressure and flow rates typical in WDS.
  • There is a need for robust sensor interfaces that can operate reliably under dynamic WDS conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a 3D printed interface for miniaturized sensors for continuous online water quality monitoring in WDS.
  • To ensure the interface operates at low sensor inlet pressure and low flow rate to minimize water loss, despite WDS pressure variations.
  • To evaluate the performance of the 3D printed interface with embedded pH and conductivity sensors under various temperature and flow rate conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized additive manufacturing (3D printing) - material extrusion (fused deposition modeling) and material jetting - to fabricate the sensor interface.
  • Employed a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model to optimize the interface channel geometry for low pressure and low flow rate.
  • Integrated miniaturized pH and conductivity sensors into the 3D printed interface for testing.

Main Results:

  • The 3D printed interface successfully provided a conduit for continuous online water quality monitoring.
  • The pH sensor's response was found to be independent of flow rate and temperature.
  • The conductivity sensor's readings were minimally affected by flow rate and temperature, except at very low (4 µS/cm) or very high (460 µS/cm) conductivity levels and high flow rates (30 mL/min).

Conclusions:

  • The 3D printed interface is a viable solution for reliable online water quality monitoring in dynamic water distribution systems.
  • The developed interface effectively accommodates miniaturized sensors, maintaining low pressure and flow conditions necessary for accurate measurements.
  • This technology contributes to enhanced safety and management of drinking water supplies through continuous, real-time quality assessment.