Attitudes, knowledge and consequences of uncertain genetic findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

With the surge of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies making almost all genetic tests more affordable and available, cardiac genetic testing now routinely encompasses a large number of genes within a panel setting. The additional sensitivity of this practice is limited and has the potential to inflict a spectrum of uncertainty. We sought to explore attitudes, preferences, recall and psychological consequences of informative and uninformative genetic results amongst probands diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We conducted semi-structured interviews and analysed the qualitative data using a framework analysis process. In general, we found probands were more concerned with their clinical diagnosis than gene result and in some, recall and understanding of genetic diagnosis was poor. Several participants expected genetic testing would alleviate uncertainty, often holding an altruistic view of participation in testing, removing their sense of self and failing to appreciate fully the familial implications. With the key utility of HCM genetic testing and counselling being for greater risk prediction for at-risk relatives, effective communication within the family is critical. While communication appeared adequate, further questioning found it was often vague, failing to translate into meaningful action by relatives. Based on these findings, a framework of key outcomes to assist multidisciplinary teams in genetic counselling of probands receiving an HCM gene result was developed.