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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
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Carcinoid heart disease.

Saamir A Hassan1, Jose Banchs1, Cezar Iliescu1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

Heart (British Cardiac Society)
|June 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rare neuroendocrine tumors can cause carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease. Management involves somatostatin analogues for symptoms and tumor control, with surgery considered for severe heart issues.

Keywords:
Advanced cardiac imagingTricuspid valve disease

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cardiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) often originate in the GI tract, leading to carcinoid syndrome.
  • Carcinoid syndrome presents with vasomotor changes, GI hypermotility, hypotension, and bronchospasm.
  • Carcinoid heart disease affects over 50% of patients, characterized by plaque deposits causing valve dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the presentation, medical management, and surgical considerations for carcinoid heart disease.
  • To highlight the link between carcinoid syndrome and cardiac complications.
  • To emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing these complex patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on neuroendocrine tumors, carcinoid syndrome, and carcinoid heart disease.
  • Analysis of diagnostic findings and therapeutic strategies.
  • Discussion of patient outcomes and management guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Somatostatin analogues are the primary medical therapy for carcinoid syndrome, managing symptoms and tumor progression.
  • Carcinoid heart disease leads to significant valvular dysfunction, potentially causing right-sided heart failure.
  • Valve surgery is a viable option for symptomatic patients with controlled metastatic carcinoid syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of carcinoid syndrome can help control symptoms and prolong survival.
  • Carcinoid heart disease requires careful monitoring and palliative medical therapy.
  • Surgical intervention for carcinoid heart disease should be considered in select symptomatic patients, necessitating a multidisciplinary team approach.