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Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the torque...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Construction and Operation of a Light-driven Gold Nanorod Rotary Motor System

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Published on: June 30, 2018

Nanorobotic System iTRo for Controllable 1D Micro/nano Material Twisting Test.

Haojian Lu¹, Wanfeng Shang², Xueyong Wei³

¹Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China.

Scientific Reports

|June 10, 2017

Summary

A new in-situ twist test robot (iTRo) enables precise, large-range twisting of 1D materials within a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This innovation overcomes previous limitations, advancing micro/nano mechanical characterization for materials science research.

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Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

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Published on: June 30, 2018

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Nanotechnology

Background:

In-situ micro/nano characterization is crucial for material research.
Current in-situ SEM twisting techniques for 1D materials face challenges with large rotation ranges and axis alignment.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel in-situ twist test robot (iTRo) for precise SEM twisting of 1D materials.
To overcome limitations of existing methods regarding device size and specimen alignment.

Main Methods:

Development of the in-situ twist test robot (iTRo).
Implementation of control strategies: assembly error initialization, triple-image alignment (TIA) for rotation axis alignment, deformation-based contact detection (DCD) for sample assembly, and robot cooperation control.
Twisting tests on magnetic microwire (Fe74B13Si11C2), glass fiber, and human hair.

Main Results:

The iTRo achieves accurate sample alignment to the twisting axis.
The system provides a large twisting range, heavy load capacity, and high controllability.
Successful characterization of the twisting properties of diverse 1D materials.

Conclusions:

The developed iTRo successfully addresses the challenges in in-situ SEM twisting of 1D materials.
This technology fills a gap in current in-situ mechanical characterization methodologies.
The findings are expected to significantly impact fundamental nanomaterial research and practical micro/nano characterization.