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Developmental program impacts phenological plasticity of spring wheat under drought.

Marwa N M E Sanad1,2, Kimberley Garland Campbell3,4, Kulvinder S Gill3

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Spring wheat shows the most drought tolerance at the tillering stage, which is key for developing water-efficient crops. Understanding phenological plasticity is crucial for breeding drought-resistant wheat varieties.

Keywords:
Developmental plasticityDroughtPhenological plasticitySpring wheatTillering stage

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Agronomy
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Drought tolerance in crops is vital for food security, relying on phenological plasticity—a genotype's response to water scarcity.
  • The relationship between phenological plasticity and plant development is not fully understood.
  • This study investigates spring wheat's plastic response to drought stress across key growth stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the phenological plasticity of spring wheat under different drought stress conditions.
  • To identify growth stages most indicative of drought tolerance.
  • To inform strategies for breeding drought-resilient wheat.

Main Methods:

  • Examined spring wheat response to constant and periodic drought stress.
  • Evaluated morphological and physiological parameters, including visible symptoms.
  • Assessed plasticity across tillering, booting, heading, and anthesis stages.

Main Results:

  • Tillering and heading stages demonstrated higher phenological plasticity.
  • Booting and anthesis stages were most sensitive to drought stress.
  • Periodic drought stress significantly inhibited yield more than constant stress.

Conclusions:

  • Phenological plasticity is critical for designing effective drought tolerance screening in spring wheat.
  • The tillering stage is the most informative for identifying drought-tolerant spring wheat genotypes.
  • Considering phenological plasticity aids in developing crops for limited water availability.