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Related Concept Videos

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

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A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
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Accelerating Fluids

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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
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Vapor Pressure of Fluid01:28

Vapor Pressure of Fluid

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The vapor pressure of a fluid is a crucial concept in fluid mechanics, influencing phenomena such as boiling and cavitation. Vapor pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a vapor at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium with its corresponding liquid phase at a specific temperature. It represents the tendency of molecules to escape from the fluid surface into the vapor phase.
When a liquid is placed in a closed container with a small air space, and the space is evacuated, vapor molecules will...
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Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

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Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
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Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
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Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

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When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
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Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices
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Vortex Fluidic Chemical Transformations.

Joshua Britton1,2, Keith A Stubbs3, Gregory A Weiss1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic thin films, particularly within the vortex fluidic device (VFD), accelerate chemical reactions. This review explores VFD-driven transformations and the principles behind their enhanced efficiency.

Keywords:
biochemistrycontinuous floworganic synthesisthin filmsvortex fluidics

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Dynamic thin films offer unique reaction environments with large surface areas and efficient transport phenomena.
  • The vortex fluidic device (VFD) leverages these properties for advanced chemical processing.
  • VFDs enable novel reaction pathways and outcomes due to combined effects like high shear and micromixing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review chemical transformations enhanced by vortex fluidic device (VFD) processing.
  • To identify the key concepts contributing to the effectiveness of VFD-mediated dynamic thin films.
  • To highlight the potential of VFDs in organic, materials, and biochemical synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of VFD applications in chemical transformations.
  • Analysis of the physical principles governing VFD operation (e.g., shear, mixing, heat/mass transfer).
  • Categorization of reactions benefiting from VFD processing.

Main Results:

  • VFDs significantly accelerate reaction rates and improve efficiencies across various chemical disciplines.
  • Specific phenomena like high shear rates, rapid heat/mass transfer, and controlled micromixing are key drivers.
  • Unusual and surprising reaction outcomes are achievable through VFD-mediated dynamic thin films.

Conclusions:

  • VFDs represent a powerful platform for innovative chemical synthesis and materials processing.
  • Understanding the interplay of physical forces within VFDs is crucial for optimizing chemical transformations.
  • The dynamic thin film approach in VFDs opens new avenues for efficient and controlled chemical reactions.