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Titration of a Polyprotic Acid02:08

Titration of a Polyprotic Acid

105.7K
A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process.  If the acid dissociation constants of the ionizable protons differ sufficiently from each other, then the titration curve for such polyprotic acid generates a distinct equivalence point for each of its ionizable hydrogens. Therefore, titration of a diprotic acid results in the formation of two equivalence points, whereas the titration of a triprotic acid results in the formation of three...
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Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base

3.0K
Titration of a polyprotic acid, which contains multiple ionizable protons, involves distinct dissociation steps, each with its own dissociation constant (Ka). Each successive Ka is weaker than the previous one. In the titration of a polyprotic acid like sulfurous acid with a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, the base first neutralizes the initial ionizable proton, forming an intermediate species (e.g., hydrogen sulfite ions). This step's titration curve resembles that of a weak...
3.0K
Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH01:19

Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH

980
Polyprotic acids of the type H2M constitute two ionizable protons. As a result, on titration with a base, they exhibit two equivalence points in the titration curve. During titration, the species H2M, HM−, and M2− will be present in the solution at different points. The fractions of H2M, HM−, and M2− present at the various instances of the titration are denoted by α0, α1, and α2, respectively.
A graph with the alpha values is plotted against the volume of...
980
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism01:23

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism

8.7K
Imine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a primary amine. It begins with the generation of carbinolamine through a series of steps involving an initial nucleophilic attack and then several proton transfer reactions. The second part includes the elimination of water, as a leaving group, to give the imine.
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
8.7K
Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

49.6K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
49.6K
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base

10.8K
During the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, pH calculations are primarily based on the concentration of residual hydronium or hydroxide ions. Initially, a strong acid like hydrochloric acid fully dissociates, creating hydronium and chloride ions, resulting in a low pH. The addition of a strong base like sodium hydroxide alters the concentration of hydronium ions by neutralizing them. As more base is added, the pH gradually increases. At the equivalence point, all hydronium ions...
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Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants
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Complexity in Acid-Base Titrations: Multimer Formation Between Phosphoric Acids and Imines.

Christian Malm1, Heejae Kim1, Manfred Wagner1

  • 1Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Proton transfer in acid-base solutions is complex. Even with excess base, acid-base multimers form, challenging simple titration models and impacting catalysis research.

Keywords:
Brønsted acid catalysisNMR titrationdielectric relaxation spectroscopyorganocatalysisproton transfer

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Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Proton transfer in Brønsted acid-base systems is fundamental to catalysis.
  • Characterizing acid-base aggregates is challenging due to the proton's light mass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate proton transfer pathways and aggregate formation in diphenyl phosphoric acid-quinaldine mixtures.
  • To understand deviations from quantitative proton transfer in aprotic solvents.

Main Methods:

  • Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
  • Analysis of acid-base interactions over a range of compositions in dichloromethane.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant deviations from quantitative proton transfer.
  • Identified formation of multimers (one base, at least two acid molecules) even with excess base.
  • Found that multimers constitute approximately one-third of aggregates in equimolar mixtures.

Conclusions:

  • Acid-base association constants are only moderately larger than for binding to pre-formed dimers.
  • Findings impact the interpretation of reactive intermediates in organocatalysis.
  • Provides a rationale for nonlinear effects observed in phosphoric acid catalysis.