Hypereosinophilic cardiac disease

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Hematology

Background:

• Hypereosinophilia, a condition with elevated eosinophils, can lead to significant cardiac complications.
• Cardiac involvement in hypereosinophilic syndromes presents a wide spectrum, from asymptomatic cases to severe myocarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the critical importance of diagnosing cardiac involvement in hypereosinophilia.
• To emphasize the role of modern imaging techniques, particularly cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, in the diagnosis of hypereosinophilic cardiac disease.

Main Methods:

• Review of current diagnostic approaches for hypereosinophilic cardiac disease.
• Focus on the utility of multimodal cardiac imaging, including echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).

Main Results:

• Cardiac biopsy was the traditional diagnostic standard, but cardiac magnetic resonance imaging offers precise tissue characterization.
• CMR is emerging as a valuable, non-invasive tool, potentially serving as a surrogate for biopsy.
• Systematic CMR performance is recommended for patients with hypereosinophilia.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis of cardiac involvement in hypereosinophilia is vital to prevent irreversible myocardial damage.
• Multimodal cardiac imaging, especially CMR, is essential for timely diagnosis.
• Treatment should address symptoms and the underlying cause of hypereosinophilia to improve outcomes.