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Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

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Malignant Pleural Effusion with Filariasis.

Ashutosh Chaturvedi1, Arun Kumar2

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Summary

Microfilaria in pleural fluid, a rare finding, was diagnosed in a 74-year-old male with breathlessness. This case highlights Wuchereria bancrofti as a cause of pleural effusion and eosinophilia.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Pulmonology
  • Clinical Case Reports

Background:

  • Filarial lung disease typically presents as Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia.
  • Microfilariae in pleural fluid are an uncommon manifestation of filariasis.

Observation:

  • A 74-year-old male presented with dyspnea and chest discomfort.
  • The patient exhibited eosinophilia, renal dysfunction, and massive left-sided pleural effusion.
  • Pleural fluid cytology confirmed the presence of microfilaria (Wuchereria bancrofti).

Findings:

  • Microfilaria (Wuchereria bancrofti) were identified in pleural fluid and peripheral blood smear.
  • The case presented with atypical cells in pleural fluid, alongside eosinophilia and renal impairment.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering filariasis in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion, especially in endemic areas.
  • Diagnosis of microfilaria in pleural fluid can be challenging but is crucial for appropriate treatment of filarial lung disease.
  • Further research into the varied clinical presentations of Wuchereria bancrofti infections is warranted.