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Energy Invariance in Capillary Systems.

Élfego Ruiz-Gutiérrez1, Jian H Guan1, Ben Xu1

  • 1Smart Materials and Surfaces Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.

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|June 10, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We show that capillary surface energy remains constant during continuous movement with reconfigurable solid boundaries. Dissipative energy losses are minimal when boundary changes occur slowly, enabling low-cost liquid manipulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics, Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science, Surface Science

Background:

  • Capillary surfaces exhibit complex behavior influenced by solid boundaries.
  • Understanding energy dynamics in these systems is crucial for microfluidics and material manipulation.
  • Contact-angle hysteresis and friction often lead to energy dissipation, complicating precise control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate and theoretically investigate the continuous translational invariance of capillary surface energy.
  • To explore the role of dynamic frictional forces during boundary reconfiguration.
  • To experimentally validate energy-invariant liquid manipulation using low-friction surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical framework for energy-invariant equilibria of spherical capillary surfaces.
  • Utilized lubricant-impregnated surfaces to eliminate contact-angle hysteresis.
  • Experimentally manipulated droplet position in a wedge geometry to quantify energy losses.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed continuous translational invariance of capillary surface energy with reconfigurable boundaries.
  • Showed that energy losses are small when actuation is slower than relaxation time scales.
  • Demonstrated that lubricant-impregnated surfaces minimize dissipative losses.

Conclusions:

  • Capillary surface energy can be translationally invariant, allowing for energy-cost-free manipulation.
  • Low-pinning and low-friction conditions are key for realizing energy-invariant liquid manipulation.
  • This approach offers a pathway for advanced liquid handling in microscale systems.