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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Rheumatology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Oculoplastics

Background:

  • Molecularly targeted agents (MTAs) have significantly advanced oncology and rheumatology treatments.
  • MTAs encompass monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors.
  • Oculoplastic surgery is increasingly impacted by these novel therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the recent applications of MTAs in orbital, lacrimal, and eyelid diseases.
  • To highlight the role of MTAs in treating oncologic and inflammatory conditions affecting the eye and its adnexa.
  • To inform oculoplastic surgeons about the evolving use of MTAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on MTAs in oculoplastic applications.
  • Analysis of therapeutic uses in orbital, lacrimal, and eyelid conditions.
  • Identification of side effects associated with MTAs in this patient population.

Main Results:

  • Monoclonal antibodies are used for orbital vascular lesions, lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, thyroid eye disease, IgG4 disease, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
  • Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors shows promise in orbital disease.
  • Small molecule inhibitors are applied to basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and Erdheim-Chester disease.
  • Common side effects include hypertrichosis, edema, and inflammation of the orbit and eyelids.

Conclusions:

  • MTAs are the future of oncologic and inflammatory condition treatment.
  • The application of MTAs in oculoplastic diseases is expected to grow.
  • Understanding molecular mechanisms will unlock new therapeutic targets for oculoplastic disorders.