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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Activation of Integrins01:15

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Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding...
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Integrins01:10

Integrins

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Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Direct observation of subunit rotation during DNA strand exchange by serine recombinases.

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Variable orthogonality of serine integrase interactions within the ϕC31 family.

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Variable orthogonality of RDF - large serine integrase interactions within the ϕC31 family.

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High fidelity one-pot DNA assembly using orthogonal serine integrases.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Site-specific Bacterial Chromosome Engineering: ΦC31 Integrase Mediated Cassette Exchange (IMCE)
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Site-specific Bacterial Chromosome Engineering: ΦC31 Integrase Mediated Cassette Exchange (IMCE)

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Making serine integrases work for us.

W Marshall Stark1

  • 1Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|June 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

DNA site-specific recombinases, particularly serine integrases from bacteriophages, offer precise genetic rearrangements. Their unique properties are driving applications in biotechnology and gene therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • DNA site-specific recombinases catalyze precise DNA strand breaks and rejoins, enabling genetic rearrangements.
  • Serine integrases, bacteriophage-derived enzymes, exhibit directionality and simple site requirements.
  • These enzymes are increasingly recognized for their potential in diverse biological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on serine integrase structure and mechanism.
  • To outline factors influencing the performance of phage recombination systems.
  • To highlight recent advancements expanding the repertoire and understanding of serine integrases for specific applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on serine integrase structure and function.

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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Targeted Integration In Vivo Using a Homology-mediated End Joining-based Strategy
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Site-specific Bacterial Chromosome Engineering: ΦC31 Integrase Mediated Cassette Exchange (IMCE)
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  • Analysis of key factors affecting recombination system performance.
  • Synthesis of recent studies on novel serine integrase systems and their characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • Serine integrases possess unique properties like directional recombination and minimal site requirements.
    • Factors influencing their performance in various applications have been identified.
    • An expanded range of serine integrase systems with distinct characteristics is now available.

    Conclusions:

    • Serine integrases are versatile tools with significant potential in experimental biology, biotechnology, synthetic biology, and gene therapy.
    • Understanding their structure, mechanism, and performance factors is crucial for optimal application.
    • Recent discoveries facilitate the selection of the most suitable integrases for specific biotechnological and therapeutic goals.