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First detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus O/Ind-2001d in Vietnam
Le T Vu1, Ngo T Long1, Barbara Brito2,3
1Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Abstract:
In recent years, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O, topotype Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA), lineage Ind-2001d has spread from the Indian subcontinent to the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast Asia. In the current report, we describe the first detection of this lineage in Vietnam in May, 2015 in Đắk Nông province. Three subsequent outbreaks caused by genetically related viruses occurred between May-October, 2015 after which the virus was not detected in clinical outbreaks for at least 15 subsequent months. The observed outbreaks affected (in chronological order): cattle in Đắk Nông province, pigs in Đắk Lắk province and Đắk Nông province, and cattle in Ninh Thuận province. The clinical syndromes associated with these outbreaks were consistent with typical FMD in the affected species. Overall attack rate on affected premises was 0.85 in pigs and 0.93 in cattle over the course of the outbreak. Amongst 378 pigs at risk on affected premises, 85 pigs died during the outbreaks; there were no deaths among cattle. The manner in which FMDV/O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d was introduced into Vietnam remains undetermined; however, movement of live cattle is the suspected route. This incursion has substantial implications for epidemiology and control of FMD in Southeast Asia.
Insights
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O, lineage Ind-2001d, was detected in Vietnam in 2015. This report details its spread and impact on cattle and pigs, highlighting implications for regional FMD control.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Disease Epidemiology
- Animal Health
Background:
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O, ME-SA/Ind-2001d lineage, has expanded globally.
- This lineage has previously spread across Asia and North Africa.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report the initial detection and characteristics of FMDV O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d in Vietnam.
- To analyze the epidemiological features and impact of this FMDV lineage in Vietnam.
Main Methods:
- Field surveillance and outbreak investigation.
- Clinical case reporting and epidemiological data collection.
- Genetic relatedness analysis of detected viral strains.
Main Results:
- The first detection of FMDV O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d in Vietnam occurred in May 2015.
- Three subsequent outbreaks in cattle and pigs were recorded between May-October 2015.
- High attack rates (0.85 in pigs, 0.93 in cattle) and significant pig mortality were observed.
Conclusions:
- The introduction of FMDV O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d into Vietnam poses a significant threat to animal health in Southeast Asia.
- Live cattle movement is a suspected introduction pathway, emphasizing the need for enhanced biosecurity.
- Continued surveillance and control measures are crucial to manage FMDV spread in the region.
