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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
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Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
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Unbalanced Growth, Senescence and Aging.

Michael Polymenis1, Brian K Kennedy2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 2128 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77845, USA. polymenis@tamu.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 11, 2017
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Summary

Cellular growth and division coordination impacts cell proliferation and aging. Unbalanced growth can lead to aging phenotypes, senescence, and quiescence, affecting replicative lifespan.

Keywords:
AgingAsymmetric divisionCell growthCell senescenceHypertrophy and CdkProtein translationQuiescencemTOR signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Cells must balance growth with division for proper proliferation and timing.
  • Cellular replicative lifespan is fundamentally linked to cell cycle control and mitotic division.
  • The interplay between growth and division influences cellular senescence and quiescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of how unbalanced growth and division affect cell proliferation.
  • To explore the link between cell division control and cellular/organismal aging.
  • To discuss the roles of growth-division balance in cellular senescence and quiescence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cell cycle control and aging.
  • Analysis of the relationship between growth, division, and proliferation.
  • Examination of cellular senescence and quiescence mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Unbalanced growth and division significantly impact cellular proliferative potential.
  • Disruptions in growth-division coordination can lead to aging phenotypes.
  • The balance between growth and division is crucial for maintaining cellular function and preventing senescence.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinated cell growth and division are essential for regulating cell proliferation and lifespan.
  • Imbalances in this coordination contribute to cellular aging and senescence.
  • Understanding this interplay is key to addressing age-related cellular dysfunction.