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The Value of Using Multiple Metrics to Evaluate PCB Exposure.

Megan C Archer1, Amanda D Harwood2, Samuel A Nutile1

  • 1Department of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
|June 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study assessed exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a lake ecosystem. Findings show PCBs spread from sediments to various organisms, including fish, highlighting widespread contamination risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Ecosystem Health

Background:

  • Traditional methods for evaluating hydrophobic organic contaminant exposure often rely solely on sediment concentrations.
  • A comprehensive assessment requires evaluating multiple exposure pathways, including bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer.
  • Understanding contaminant transport within and beyond aquatic systems is crucial for accurate risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of multiple metrics in estimating ecosystem exposure to hydrophobic organic contaminants.
  • To assess the exposure of multiple trophic levels to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a contaminated lake.
  • To investigate the transport of PCBs within and outside the aquatic ecosystem.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a small lake ecosystem contaminated with PCBs as a case study.
  • Quantified PCB concentrations in sediments, aquatic invertebrates, emerging insects, fish, and terrestrial spiders.
  • Employed Tenax extractable and biota PCB concentration measurements to assess tissue concentrations.

Main Results:

  • PCBs were localized to sediments in a specific lake area, acting as the primary source.
  • Tenax extractable and biota PCB concentrations revealed localized tissue contamination in benthic invertebrates and riparian spiders.
  • Fish exhibited PCB tissue concentrations throughout the lake, indicating a broader exposure risk.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple trophic level exposure measures provide robust evidence of PCB spread through aquatic and riparian food webs.
  • A holistic approach, considering various exposure pathways and trophic levels, is essential for accurate environmental risk assessment.
  • Findings aid in understanding the scope of PCB contamination and inform potential remediation strategies.