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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Long non-coding RNAs in aging organs and tissues.

Wenmin Xing1, Wenyan Gao2, Genxiang Mao1

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Aging impairs bodily functions and alters long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression. This study reviews known and novel lncRNAs involved in mammalian aging, exploring their roles and patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Aging is characterized by decreased resistance to stress, damage, and disease, alongside metabolic changes.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), non-protein coding RNA molecules ≥200nt, exhibit altered expression during aging.
  • lncRNAs play crucial roles in cellular differentiation and tissue homeostasis, with specific expression patterns during aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize known and novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) implicated in the aging process across mammals.
  • To discuss the expression patterns, conservation, and characteristics of lncRNAs during aging.
  • To highlight the potential of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets for age-related decline.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on lncRNAs and aging.
  • Analysis of spatial and temporal expression patterns of specific lncRNAs.
  • Examination of lncRNA interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins.

Main Results:

  • Altered lncRNA levels are associated with the induction and maintenance of aging.
  • lncRNAs exhibit specific spatial and temporal expression patterns during the aging process.
  • lncRNAs function as decoys, regulating differentiation by binding to miRNAs or proteins.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are significantly involved in the aging process across mammalian species.
  • Understanding lncRNA dynamics offers insights into aging mechanisms and potential interventions.
  • Further research into lncRNAs could advance the development of strategies to mitigate aging effects.