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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards
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Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards

Published on: February 25, 2017

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Generation of Single-Cell Transcript Variability by Repression.

Vlatka Antolović1, Agnes Miermont1, Adam M Corrigan1

  • 1Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

Current Biology : CB
|June 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular gene expression variability arises from gene repression, not activation. This finding reveals how basic transcriptional regulation mechanisms generate cell fate diversity during differentiation.

Keywords:
DictyosteliumRNA stabilityheterogeneityrepressionself-organizationsingle-cell transcriptomicsstochastic differentiationstochastic gene expressiontranscription

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cellular gene expression exhibits significant variability even within identical cell populations.
  • This intrinsic variability is crucial for cell fate determination during differentiation and in disease states.
  • The underlying mechanisms driving gene expression variability remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the primary drivers of transcript variability during cellular differentiation.
  • To determine whether gene expression variability is primarily caused by activation or repression.
  • To elucidate the relationship between transcriptional regulation and the emergence of cell-to-cell differences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single-cell transcriptomics to analyze gene expression patterns.
  • Examined transcript variability in Dictyostelium discoideum during differentiation.
  • Developed and applied a computational model of transcript production.

Main Results:

  • Transcript variability during Dictyostelium differentiation is predominantly driven by gene repression, not activation.
  • Increased variability in repressed genes occurs across a wide range of expression levels.
  • Variability is actively imposed by regulatory mechanisms, not a passive consequence of low molecule counts.

Conclusions:

  • Gene repression is a key mechanism generating transcript variability within cell populations.
  • Cellular heterogeneity arises directly from fundamental principles of transcriptional control.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into cell fate diversification and disease.