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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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Primate-specific Long Non-coding RNAs and MicroRNAs.

Hassaan Mehboob Awan1, Abdullah Shah1, Farooq Rashid1

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.

Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics
|June 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primate-specific non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), play crucial regulatory roles. Understanding these primate-specific ncRNAs is key for potential therapeutic development.

Keywords:
EvolutionLncRNAMicroRNANon-coding RNAPrimate-specific

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression across all life forms.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are key classes of regulatory ncRNAs.
  • Numerous ncRNAs specific to the primate lineage have been identified, suggesting unique evolutionary roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the regulatory functions of significant primate-specific lncRNAs and miRNAs.
  • To highlight the biological importance of primate or human-specific ncRNAs.
  • To explore the potential of these ncRNAs in developing novel therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on primate-specific ncRNAs.
  • Analysis of identified primate-specific long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • Analysis of identified primate-specific microRNAs (miRNAs).

Main Results:

  • Primate-specific ncRNAs exhibit distinct expression patterns, indicating lineage-specific functions.
  • Key primate-specific lncRNAs and miRNAs have been implicated in various biological regulatory processes.
  • These findings underscore the significance of studying primate-specific ncRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating the biological significance of primate-specific ncRNAs is critical.
  • Primate-specific ncRNAs hold potential for the development of novel ncRNA-based therapeutics.
  • Further research into these unique RNA molecules is warranted.