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Related Concept Videos

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists01:28

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Histamine H2 receptors, which are intricately located on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells, play a crucial role in modulating gastric acid secretion. When released from enterochromaffin-like cells, histamine engages H2 receptors, initiating the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. In this pathway, adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP, elevating intracellular cAMP levels. The activation of protein kinase A follows, stimulating the proton pump. This stimulation prompts the secretion of hydrogen...
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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
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In the complex environment of the gastric lumen, excessive acid secretion can lead to the formation or worsening of ulcers within the delicate mucosal layer. Antacids, such as sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate, provide relief by neutralizing this acid, transforming it into harmless salt and water. This neutralization process raises the gastric pH from a highly acidic level of 1 to a more basic 3-4, reducing the acidity within the stomach.
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Acid suppression therapy and allergic reactions.

Eva Untersmayr1

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Allergo Journal International
|June 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Acid-reducing medications like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase the risk of developing food allergies and drug hypersensitivity. Careful prescription based on diagnosis is crucial for patient safety.

Keywords:
H2 receptor blockersdrug allergyfood allergygastric acid suppression medicationproton pump inhibitorssensitization

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acid-reducing drugs, including histamine 2 (H2) receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), are widely used for dyspeptic disorders.
  • Overuse and over-the-counter availability raise concerns about side effects and mechanisms of action.
  • Previous studies suggest a link between anti-ulcer drug intake and the development of food allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between acid suppressive drugs and the development of allergic reactions.
  • To explore the potential mechanisms linking gastric acid suppression to increased allergy risk.
  • To emphasize the importance of precise diagnosis and consideration of allergological mechanisms in prescribing these medications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental and human studies examining the effects of acid suppressive drugs on immune sensitization.
  • Analysis of potential mechanisms including direct immune effects, impaired protein degradation, and disruption of gastrointestinal barrier function.
  • Evaluation of the association between gastric acid suppression and food allergy or drug hypersensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Acid suppressive drugs influence protein sensitization and are a risk factor for food allergy patients.
  • Gastric acid suppression is associated with an increased risk of drug hypersensitivity reactions.
  • Potential contributing factors include direct immune modulation, reduced protein breakdown, altered microbiome, and impaired barrier function.

Conclusions:

  • Acid suppressive drugs may contribute to the development of allergies and hypersensitivity reactions.
  • Mechanisms involve direct immune effects and indirect consequences of reduced gastric acidity.
  • Judicious prescription based on accurate diagnosis and allergological considerations is essential for patient safety.