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Current Evidence on the Socket-Shield Technique: A Systematic Review.

Amit S Gharpure1, Neel B Bhatavadekar2

  • 11   Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Wa.

The Journal of Oral Implantology
|June 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The socket-shield technique, preserving bone during immediate implant placement, shows high complication rates in early studies. More high-quality research is needed to determine its long-term clinical success and biological predictability.

Keywords:
adverse effectscomplicationsdental cementumdental implantperiodontal ligamentsocket-shieldsystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Implantology
  • Periodontology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • The socket-shield technique aims to preserve alveolar bone during immediate dental implant placement by retaining a root section.
  • This technique's biological rationale and long-term clinical outcomes require thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on the socket-shield technique.
  • To evaluate the biological plausibility and long-term clinical prognosis of this dental implant procedure.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed-Medline, Embase, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central) for studies published between January 1970 and April 2017.
  • Twenty-three studies, including case reports, animal histological studies, and one case-control study, were assessed.
  • Study quality was evaluated using modified Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments guidelines.

Main Results:

  • A high percentage of implants in animal studies (82.86%) and clinical studies (24.26%) exhibited complications, primarily buccal/crestal bone loss and osseointegration failure.
  • Reported complications also included shield exposure/failure, periodontal ligament and cementum formation on implant surfaces, and peri-implantitis.
  • Most studies (18/23) had a follow-up duration of 12 months or less, and 4 out of 5 assessed studies had low quality scores.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence suggests a high complication rate associated with the socket-shield technique, particularly buccal/crestal bone loss.
  • The long-term success of the socket-shield technique remains uncertain due to limited high-quality, long-term clinical data.
  • Further rigorous research is essential to establish the predictability and safety of this immediate implant placement method.