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Diabetic ketoacidosis: Heralding type 1 diabetes in children

Corinne I Alois1, Denise Rizzolo

  • 1Corinne I. Alois is an assistant professor-industry professional in the Department of Clinical Health Professions at St. John's University in Queens, N.Y., and a guest lecturer and adjunct faculty member in the PA program at Pace University-Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, N.Y. Denise Rizzolo is an associate professor in the PA program at Kean University in Union, N.J., and assistant clinical professor at the Pace Completion Program, New York, N.Y. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

JAAPA : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants
|June 13, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) remains a major cause of death in diabetes patients. Early identification and management of DKA in children presenting with type 1 diabetes are crucial for reducing severe outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality.
  • DKA is the initial presentation of type 1 diabetes in up to one-third of pediatric cases.
  • Children with DKA exhibit hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketosis, requiring prompt clinical attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical need for early recognition and management of DKA in children.
  • To emphasize the role of DKA as a frequent initial diagnosis for type 1 diabetes in pediatric populations.
  • To underscore the importance of identifying at-risk children and initiating timely treatment for DKA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical manifestations of DKA in pediatric patients.
  • Analysis of DKA as an initial presentation of type 1 diabetes.
  • Emphasis on clinical identification of at-risk individuals and prompt management strategies.

Main Results:

  • DKA remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality despite advances in diabetes care.
  • A substantial proportion of children with type 1 diabetes are diagnosed via DKA.
  • Effective management hinges on recognizing risk factors, signs, and symptoms for prompt intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt identification and management of DKA are essential in pediatric diabetes care.
  • DKA serves as a critical entry point for diagnosing type 1 diabetes in children.
  • Clinicians must be vigilant in assessing risk, recognizing symptoms, and initiating swift DKA treatment.

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