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Nutritional Challenges in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Simona Salera1, Francesca Menni2, Maurizio Moggio3

  • 1Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy. simona.salera@policlinico.mi.it.

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Summary

Nutritional issues in neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are common and impact quality of life. Addressing overnutrition, hyponutrition, and gastrointestinal problems with expert care is crucial for managing NMDs.

Keywords:
dysphagiahyponutritionneuromuscular diseasenutritionosteoporosisovernutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) encompass diverse acquired or inherited conditions.
  • Nutritional complications are prevalent in NMDs but often overlooked.
  • Increased patient survival necessitates a focus on long-term nutritional management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review nutritional aspects and complications in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) from childhood to adulthood.
  • To highlight the importance of nutritional considerations during the transition from pediatric to adult healthcare services.
  • To emphasize the role of appropriate nutritional care and multidisciplinary teams in improving DMD patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature on nutritional challenges in NMDs, particularly DMD.
  • The review analyzes various nutritional aspects including overnutrition, hyponutrition, gastrointestinal issues, dysphagia, and bone health.
  • It discusses the implications of these complications on patient mobility, respiratory, cardiac, and overall function.

Main Results:

  • Overnutrition can negatively affect glucose metabolism, mobility, and cardiorespiratory function.
  • Hyponutrition impairs muscle and ventilatory function.
  • Gastrointestinal issues, dysphagia, and osteoporosis are significant complications requiring management.

Conclusions:

  • Appropriate nutritional care is vital for enhancing the quality of life in DMD patients.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is essential for addressing complex nutritional challenges in NMDs.
  • Further research is needed on the prevalence of various nutritional complications across different NMDs to refine management strategies.