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Domain Bacteria includes some unique hyperthermophilic species. They exhibit remarkable adaptations that enable survival in extreme environments.Thermotoga species are rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating hyperthermophiles that form a sheath-like envelope called a toga. They ferment sugars or starch, producing lactate, acetate, CO₂, and H₂, and can also grow via anaerobic respiration using H₂ and ferric iron. Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, over 20% of their...
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Temperature modulates AgNP impacts on microbial decomposer activity.

Daniela Batista1, Cláudia Pascoal2, Fernanda Cássio2

  • 1Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.

The Science of the Total Environment
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Rising temperatures and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) interact to harm stream ecosystems. AgNPs and silver nitrate (AgNO3) reduced microbial diversity and fungal reproduction, especially at higher temperatures, impacting plant litter decomposition.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) pose risks to aquatic life and ecosystem functions.
  • Predicting AgNP effects under changing environmental conditions, like rising global temperatures, is crucial but challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of AgNPs and temperature on stream litter-decomposing microbial communities.
  • To assess how AgNPs and silver nitrate (AgNO3) impact microbial diversity, enzyme activity, and fungal reproduction at different temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Microcosms containing litter-associated microbes were exposed to varying concentrations of AgNPs and AgNO3.
  • Experiments were conducted over 21 days at three temperatures: 10°C, 16°C, and 23°C.
  • Leaf mass loss, microbial diversity, fungal enzyme activity, and fungal biomass/reproduction were measured.

Main Results:

  • Increased temperature enhanced leaf litter decomposition but did not significantly affect fungal biomass or reproduction.
  • Higher concentrations of AgNPs and AgNO3 inhibited fungal reproduction and reduced microbial diversity, with effects amplified at 23°C.
  • Microbial community structure was primarily influenced by silver concentrations rather than temperature, with negative impacts more pronounced at 10°C and 23°C.

Conclusions:

  • The toxicity of AgNPs and ionic silver to freshwater microbes is temperature-dependent, with synergistic negative effects observed.
  • Environmental factors like temperature significantly modulate the ecotoxicological impact of nanoparticles on aquatic ecosystems.
  • Future assessments of nanoparticle toxicity must consider diverse environmental contexts to accurately predict ecological risks.