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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

6.0K
Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

In vitro Quantitative Imaging Assay for Phagocytosis of Dead Neuroblastoma Cells by iPSC-Macrophages
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In vitro Quantitative Imaging Assay for Phagocytosis of Dead Neuroblastoma Cells by iPSC-Macrophages

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[Mitophagy and nervous system disease].

Ming-Xi Li1, De-Zhi Mu

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Chengdu 610041, China. mudz@scu.edu.cn.

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
|June 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitophagy, the cell's removal of damaged mitochondria via autophagy, is vital for neural cell survival. Dysfunctional mitophagy is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, offering potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mitophagy is a selective form of autophagy essential for cellular health, removing damaged mitochondria.
  • This process is critical for maintaining the mitochondrial network's integrity and influences cell survival and death pathways.
  • Mitophagy plays a crucial role in the nervous system, protecting neural cells by clearing damaged mitochondria and controlling protein quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the relationship between mitophagy and various nervous system diseases.
  • To highlight the importance of mitophagy in neural cell function and survival.
  • To explore the potential of understanding mitophagy for developing new clinical treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research advances in mitophagy and nervous system diseases.
  • Analysis of the dual role of mitophagy in cell survival and apoptosis.
  • Examination of genetic mutations associated with mitophagy and their link to neurodegeneration.

Main Results:

  • Damaged mitochondria can trigger apoptosis or be cleared via mitophagy, impacting cell viability.
  • Mitophagy dysfunction is implicated in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Understanding mitophagy mechanisms provides insights into neural cell protection.

Conclusions:

  • Mitophagy is a critical cellular process with significant implications for nervous system health.
  • Defects in mitophagy are strongly associated with neurodegenerative conditions.
  • Further research into mitophagy offers promising avenues for novel therapeutic strategies in neurology.