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Hot tea and tiny tots don't mix: A cross-sectional survey on hot beverage scalds
J D Burgess1, R M Kimble2, K A Watt3
1Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, The University of Queensland, Children's Health Research Centre, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Wound Management Innovation Cooperative Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Insights
Hot beverage scalds in young children are common, often occurring at home despite supervision. Recommended first aid is rarely used, highlighting a need for improved prevention strategies focusing on attentiveness and hazard reduction.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Burn Injuries
- Public Health & Injury Prevention
Background:
- Hot beverage scalds represent a significant cause of burn injuries in young children.
- Understanding the specific circumstances surrounding these injuries is crucial for effective prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the setting, mechanism, supervision, and first aid practices related to hot beverage scalds in children aged 0-36 months.
- To inform the development of a targeted prevention campaign.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted using iPads with parents/caregivers of children aged 0-36 months presenting with hot beverage scalds.
- Data collection occurred at a major pediatric burns center.
Main Results:
- 54 cases of hot beverage scalds in children aged 0-36 months were analyzed over a 12-month period.
- The peak incidence occurred in children aged 6-24 months, typically by pulling hot liquids down.
- Most injuries happened at home, with caregivers present; however, less than a third received recommended first aid promptly.
Conclusions:
- Despite close supervision, hot beverage scalds remain a concern, indicating that attentiveness and continuous supervision are key.
- Low utilization of recommended first aid necessitates improved public awareness and education.
- Prevention efforts should include hazard reduction (e.g., keeping drinks out of reach) and potentially improved product design (e.g., cup safety).
Objective:
Hot beverage scalds are a leading cause of burns in young children. The aim of this study was to look at the circumstances surrounding these injuries in terms of setting, mechanism, supervision and first aid to inform a prevention campaign.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was delivered via iPad to parents and caregivers presenting with a child aged 0-36 months with a hot beverage scald at a major paediatric burns centre.
Results:
Of the 101 children aged 0-36 months that presented with a hot beverage scald over a 12-month period, 54 participants were included. The scald aetiology was as expected with the peak prevalence in children aged 6-24 months, pulling a cup of hot liquid down over themselves. The majority of injuries occurred in the child's home and were witnessed by the caregiver or parent. The supervising adult was often in close proximity when the scald occurred. Less than a third (28%) of participants received recommended first aid treatment at the scene, with an additional 18% receiving this treatment with three hours of the injury-usually at an emergency department.
Conclusions:
While the aetiology of these scalds were as expected, the low use of recommended burn first aid was of concern. Although supervision was present in almost all cases, with the parent/caregiver close-by, this proximity still permitted injury. Attentiveness and continuity of supervision, which can be difficult with competing parental demands, appear to play a more important role role; as do considerations of other safety mechanisms such as hazard reduction through keeping hot drinks out of reach and engineering factors such as improved cup design. By incorporating the findings from this study and other research into a hot beverage scald prevention campaign, we hope to see a change in knowledge and behaviour in parents and caregivers of young children, and ultimately a reduction in the incidence of hot beverage scalds.
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