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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Characteristics of Steel01:18

Mechanical Characteristics of Steel

1.2K
The mechanical characteristics of steel are assessed through various tests that evaluate its strength, toughness, and flexibility. These tests include tension, torsion, impact, bending, and hardness assessments, each providing crucial information about steel's suitability for specific applications.
The tension test is fundamental for determining tensile strength. In this test, a steel specimen is stretched using a gripping device until it breaks. The data collected during this test are used...
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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Steel Manufacturing01:26

Steel Manufacturing

1.6K
Steel manufacturing is a multi-stage process that begins by smelting iron ore into cast iron in a blast furnace. This initial stage involves layering iron ore with coke, a type of fuel, and crushed limestone within the furnace. The coke is ignited with a high volume of air, leading to the creation of carbon monoxide, which acts to reduce the iron ore to pure iron.
During this smelting process, limestone plays a crucial role by forming slag. Slag captures impurities within the molten iron, such...
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Steel Fastening Techniques01:17

Steel Fastening Techniques

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Steel sections can be joined together through various fastening techniques including riveting, bolting, and welding, each suitable for different structural requirements and conditions.
Rivets are cylindrical steel fasteners with a specially designed head. During application, rivets are heated until white-hot and then inserted through pre-drilled holes in the steel sections. A pneumatic hammer is used to shape the exposed end into a second head, securing the sections together.
Bolting is another...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

14.5K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Hydrogen effects in corrosion: discussion.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2017
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Hydrogen effects in non-ferrous alloys: discussion.

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Hydrogen Charging of Aluminum using Friction in Water
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Hydrogen in steels: discussion.

E Luke Simpson1, Mitesh Patel2

  • 1Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK edmund.simpson@kcl.ac.uk.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|June 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This session explored hydrogen interactions in steels using simulation, experimental, and industrial approaches. It addressed key challenges in hydrogen and metals research.

Keywords:
hydrogenmetal

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydrogen embrittlement poses significant challenges in steel applications.
  • Understanding hydrogen behavior in metals is critical for safety and performance.
  • The interaction of hydrogen with steel is a complex phenomenon with industrial implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate current knowledge on hydrogen in steels.
  • To bridge the gap between simulation, experimental, and industrial perspectives.
  • To discuss the challenges and future directions in hydrogen and metals research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of simulation techniques for hydrogen-steel interactions.
  • Summary of experimental methodologies to study hydrogen effects.
  • Discussion of industrial case studies and practical considerations.

Main Results:

  • Diverse approaches provide complementary insights into hydrogen behavior in steels.
  • Simulation aids in predicting hydrogen diffusion and trapping mechanisms.
  • Experimental data validates simulation models and reveals microstructural effects.
  • Industrial feedback highlights the practical consequences of hydrogen embrittlement.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary approach is essential for tackling hydrogen challenges in steels.
  • Further integration of simulation, experiment, and industry is needed.
  • Continued research is vital for developing strategies to mitigate hydrogen damage in metals.