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Related Concept Videos

Corrosion02:49

Corrosion

28.8K
The degradation of metals due to natural electrochemical processes is known as corrosion. Rust formation on iron, tarnishing of silver, and the blue-green patina that develops on copper are examples of corrosion. Corrosion involves the oxidation of metals. Sometimes it is protective, such as the oxidation of copper or aluminum, wherein a protective layer of metal oxide or its derivatives forms on the surface, protecting the underlying metal from further oxidation. In other cases, corrosion is...
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Corrosion of Reinforcement01:27

Corrosion of Reinforcement

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The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

135.6K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

15.5K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

14.5K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum.

Journal of materials science·2019
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Hydrogen in steels: discussion.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2017
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Hydrogen effects in non-ferrous alloys: discussion.

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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Metal Corrosion and the Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibitors in Less Conductive Media
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Metal Corrosion and the Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibitors in Less Conductive Media

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Hydrogen effects in corrosion: discussion.

Miles A Stopher1, E Luke Simpson2

  • 1Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK mas251@cam.ac.uk.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|June 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details hydrogen-enhanced corrosion in steels and nickel-based alloys. Researchers examined material degradation across multiple scales, from atomic to macroscopic levels.

Keywords:
characterizationcorrosionhydrogenmetal

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Corrosion Science
  • Metallurgy

Background:

  • Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion pose significant challenges to metals.
  • Understanding material degradation mechanisms is crucial for structural integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize hydrogen-enhanced corrosion in steels and nickel-based alloys.
  • To investigate observations across various length scales.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic-scale spectrographic examinations.
  • Macro-scale fractographic analyses.

Main Results:

  • Detailed characterization of hydrogen-induced corrosion effects.
  • Correlated findings from atomic to macroscopic scales.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-scale examination provides comprehensive insights into hydrogen-metal interactions.
  • Further research is needed on hydrogen and metals challenges.