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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

Published on: March 25, 2016

Prenatal fever and autism risk.

M Hornig^1,2, M A Bresnahan^2,3, X Che¹

¹Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Molecular Psychiatry

|June 14, 2017

Summary

Maternal fever during pregnancy, especially in the second trimester, is linked to a higher risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children. Multiple fever episodes significantly increase this risk.

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Area of Science:

Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Reproductive Health

Background:

Prenatal infections are suspected to increase the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).
Fever is a common indicator of infection during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between maternal fever during pregnancy and the risk of ASDs in offspring.
To determine if fever in specific trimesters or frequency of fever episodes influences ASD risk.

Main Methods:

Prospective cohort study in Norway.
Maternal fever exposure data collected via questionnaires.
ASD case status determined through clinical assessments and registry linkages.
Logistic regression analysis used to assess associations.

Main Results:

Maternal fever in the second trimester was significantly associated with increased ASD risk (aOR, 1.40).
Risk of ASD increased with the number of fever episodes after 12 weeks' gestation (aOR, 3.12 for ≥3 episodes).
A dose-dependent relationship was observed between maternal fever exposure and ASD risk.

Conclusions:

Gestational maternal fever, particularly in the second trimester, is associated with an elevated risk of ASDs.
The findings suggest a role for maternal infection and immune responses in the pathogenesis of some ASD cases.
Further research into the mechanisms linking maternal infection to ASD development is warranted.