Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

713
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
713
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

4.9K
The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
4.9K
Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect01:26

Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect

283
The similarity-dissimilarity effect, a fundamental concept in social psychology, explains how interpersonal similarities and differences influence attraction and social interactions. This effect is supported by three key psychological perspectives: balance theory, social comparison theory, and consensual validation.Balance Theory and Cognitive ConsistencyBalance theory, developed by Fritz Heider, posits that individuals seek cognitive consistency in their relationships. When two people share...
283
Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

1.1K
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
1.1K
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

9.1K
Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
9.1K
Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

4.1K
When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Compatibility Effects With Simple Lever Tools: A Replication and Extension Beyond Simple Button Responses.

Human factors·2026
Same author

Evaluative processing of emotional and moral content during discourse comprehension: Insights from event-related brain potentials.

Brain and language·2026
Same author

Is multitasking efficient? Different metrics, different conclusions.

Psychological research·2026
Same author

An attempt to replicate action-effect learning and its generalization without stimulus-stimulus learning.

Psychological research·2026
Same author

Ten years Diffusion Model for Conflict (DMC) tasks: Theoretical foundations, applications, practical recommendations, and open challenges.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

How visual eccentricity shapes conflict via target and distractor processing in the Simon task.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm
06:43

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

Published on: July 26, 2013

16.7K

Effector system-specific sequential modulations of congruency effects.

Markus Janczyk1, Hartmut Leuthold2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schleichstraße 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. markus.janczyk@uni-tuebingen.de.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|June 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conflict adaptation effects, or the Gratton effect, are reduced when switching response systems (hands vs. feet). This suggests conflict suppresses specific response activations rather than general task settings.

Keywords:
Conflict adaptationCongruency effectEffector systemsInhibitionSequential modulation

More Related Videos

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

1000
Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

18.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm
06:43

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

Published on: July 26, 2013

16.7K
Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

1000
Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

18.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • Sequential modulations, like the Gratton effect, demonstrate conflict adaptation mechanisms in cognitive tasks.
  • The conflict monitoring hypothesis posits increased processing of relevant dimensions after conflict.
  • An alternative view suggests conflict suppresses automatic response activations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of conflict adaptation.
  • To differentiate between conflict-induced changes in stimulus processing versus response suppression.
  • To examine the role of effector system repetition versus switching in sequential modulations.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments utilized cognitive tasks (Eriksen flanker and Simon task) with consistent stimuli.
  • Participants responded using either hands or feet, cued by a preceding trial.
  • Sequential modulations were analyzed based on whether the effector system repeated or switched from the previous trial.

Main Results:

  • Sequential modulations were reliably observed when the effector system repeated between trials.
  • These conflict adaptation effects significantly diminished when the effector system switched.
  • The results indicate a modulation specific to the effector system used.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the hypothesis that conflict adaptation involves the suppression of effector system-specific response activations.
  • This suppression mechanism appears to override general task-set or context switching effects.
  • Conflict adaptation is not solely driven by increased processing of stimulus dimensions but also by response inhibition.