Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Advanced 3D Liver Models for In vitro Genotoxicity Testing Following Long-Term Nanomaterial Exposure
08:25

Advanced 3D Liver Models for In vitro Genotoxicity Testing Following Long-Term Nanomaterial Exposure

Published on: June 5, 2020

7.3K

Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of Anilofos with micronucleus, chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and

Dilek Akyil1, Muhsin Konuk2, Yasin Eren3

  • 1Molecular Biology and Genetic Department, Faculty of Sciences and Literatures, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. dilekakyil9@gmail.com.

Cytotechnology
|June 14, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Anilofos, an organophosphate pesticide, showed mutagenic effects on the TA98 bacterial strain but not others. It also induced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in human lymphocytes, increasing chromosome aberrations and decreasing cell division.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Pesticide Safety

Background:

  • Organophosphate pesticides like Anilofos are widely used, necessitating evaluation of their potential health risks.
  • Understanding the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of pesticides is crucial for public health and environmental safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the mutagenic potential of Anilofos using the Ames test.
  • To determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Anilofos on human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Ames/Salmonella/microsome assay was performed on bacterial strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102.
  • Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed for chromosome aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronucleus (MN) formation.
  • Mitotic and nuclear division indices were also evaluated after exposure to Anilofos.

Main Results:

  • Anilofos exhibited mutagenic activity on the TA98 strain without metabolic activation (S9 fraction).
  • No mutagenic effects were observed on strains TA97, TA100, and TA102.
  • Anilofos significantly increased CA frequency and decreased mitotic and nuclear division indices in human lymphocytes, indicating genotoxicity and cytotoxicity.
  • No significant effects on SCE frequency or MN formation were detected.

Conclusions:

  • Anilofos demonstrates genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in human peripheral lymphocytes.
  • The pesticide's mutagenic potential is strain-specific in bacterial assays.
  • Further research is warranted to fully understand the toxicological profile of Anilofos.
Keywords:
Ames testAnilofosChromosome aberrationMicronucleusSister chromatid exchange

More Related Videos

Analysis of the Ambient Particulate Matter-induced Chromosomal Aberrations Using an In Vitro System08:48

Analysis of the Ambient Particulate Matter-induced Chromosomal Aberrations Using an In Vitro System

Published on: December 21, 2016

9.2K
An Automated Method to Perform The In Vitro Micronucleus Assay using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry12:56

An Automated Method to Perform The In Vitro Micronucleus Assay using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: May 13, 2019

23.4K

Related Concept Videos

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
2.1K
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
4.3K
Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
2.5K
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
17.3K