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Lipoprotein(a): A missing culprit in the management of athero-thrombosis?

Gianna Ferretti1, Tiziana Bacchetti2, Thomas P Johnston3

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Marche, Italy.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|June 14, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a key risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Understanding its genetics, metabolism, and measurement is crucial for developing effective therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an LDL-like particle independently linked to increased risk of ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and stroke.
  • Genetic variations significantly influence plasma Lp(a) levels, impacting its synthesis and metabolism.
  • Lp(a) exerts proatherogenic and prothrombotic effects on the vasculature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physicochemical properties and genetic aspects of Lp(a).
  • To highlight challenges in accurate Lp(a) quantification and standardization.
  • To summarize recent findings on Lp(a) synthesis, metabolism, and its role in atherothrombosis, alongside therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on Lp(a) properties, genetics, and metabolism.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms of Lp(a)-associated atherothrombosis.
  • Overview of current and emerging therapeutic interventions targeting Lp(a).

Main Results:

  • Lp(a) possesses unique physicochemical properties influencing its atherothrombotic potential.
  • Genetic factors are critical determinants of Lp(a) levels and associated cardiovascular risk.
  • Standardization of Lp(a) assays remains a challenge due to its polymorphic nature.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate Lp(a) determination is essential for risk assessment and management.
  • Understanding Lp(a) metabolism and atherothrombotic mechanisms is key to developing targeted therapies.
  • Interfering with Lp(a) presents a promising therapeutic avenue for reducing cardiovascular events.

Keywords:
apolipoprotein(a)atherosclerosisdyslipidemialipoprotein(a)oxidized phospholipidsthrombosis

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