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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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iPSC technology-based regenerative therapy for diabetes.

Yasushi Kondo1,2, Taro Toyoda1, Nobuya Inagaki2

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|June 14, 2017
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Human pluripotent stem cells are differentiated into functional beta-like cells for diabetes regenerative therapy. Clinical trials are underway, advancing cell therapies and drug discovery for diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), aims to replicate in vivo pancreatic development.
  • Recent breakthroughs allow generation of mature, glucose-responsive beta-like cells from hESCs/hiPSCs in vitro.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of hESC/hiPSC-derived pancreatic cells for diabetes treatment.
  • To investigate transplantation methods and immunoprotective strategies for regenerative therapies.
  • To explore patient-derived iPSCs for creating disease models and facilitating drug discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Reproducing in vivo developmental processes for directed differentiation of hPSCs into pancreatic endocrine lineages.
  • In vitro generation and functional assessment of beta-like cells.
  • Evaluation in diabetic animal models and development of immunoprotective devices.
  • Generation of patient-derived iPSCs from diabetes-related disorders.

Main Results:

  • Generation of functionally mature beta-like cells with glucose-responsive insulin secretion in vitro.
  • Successful transplantation studies in diabetic animal models.
  • Initiation of a clinical trial implanting hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors into type 1 diabetes patients.
  • Creation of patient-derived iPSC disease models for diabetes research.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in differentiation methods are paving the way for novel cell therapies and drugs against diabetes.
  • Induced pluripotent stem cell technology is crucial for future diabetes regenerative medicine and drug discovery.
  • The next decade is expected to yield significant developments in diabetes treatment based on iPSC research.