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Obstructive sleep apnoea in diabetes: Does it matter?

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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Its impact on diabetes outcomes and the effectiveness of CPAP treatment require further investigation, despite high prevalence.

Keywords:
Type 2 diabetescardiovascular diseasechronic kidney diseasecontinuous positive airway pressurehypertensionneuropathyobstructive sleep apnoearetinopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is highly prevalent in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, sharing obesity as a common risk factor.
  • OSA is linked to numerous comorbidities, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic dysfunction.
  • The specific impact of OSA on diabetes-related vascular and metabolic complications is not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of OSA, focusing on its role and impact in patients with T2D.
  • To highlight the current lack of clarity regarding OSA's effects on T2D outcomes.
  • To discuss the unclear impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in T2D patients with OSA.

Main Methods:

  • This is a commentary, not an experimental study.
  • It synthesizes existing knowledge on OSA and T2D.
  • It discusses the implications of current evidence gaps.

Main Results:

  • The association between OSA and T2D is well-established, with shared risk factors like obesity.
  • The precise influence of OSA on diabetes-specific vascular and metabolic sequelae remains unclear.
  • The efficacy of CPAP treatment for T2D patients with OSA is not definitively established.

Conclusions:

  • The high prevalence of OSA in T2D warrants greater attention.
  • Further research is crucial to elucidate the impact of OSA and CPAP on T2D management.
  • Increased screening for OSA in T2D patients is suggested, despite current uncertainties.