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Updated: Feb 28, 2026
Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
Published on: February 6, 2019
An accurate model for the computation of the dose of protons in water
A Embriaco1, V E Bellinzona2, A Fontana3
1Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Purpose:
The accurate and fast calculation of the dose in proton radiation therapy is an essential ingredient for successful treatments. We propose a novel approach with a minimal number of parameters.
Methods:
The approach is based on the exact calculation of the electromagnetic part of the interaction, namely the Molière theory of the multiple Coulomb scattering for the transversal 1D projection and the Bethe-Bloch formula for the longitudinal stopping power profile, including a gaussian energy straggling. To this e.m. contribution the nuclear proton-nucleus interaction is added with a simple two-parameter model. Then, the non gaussian lateral profile is used to calculate the radial dose distribution with a method that assumes the cylindrical symmetry of the distribution.
Results:
The results, obtained with a fast C++ based computational code called MONET (MOdel of ioN dosE for Therapy), are in very good agreement with the FLUKA MC code, within a few percent in the worst case.
Conclusions:
This study provides a new tool for fast dose calculation or verification, possibly for clinical use.
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