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A Proinflammatory Effect of the β-Glucan from Pleurotus cornucopiae Mushroom on Macrophage Action
Ken-Ichiro Minato1, Akihiro Ohara1, Masashi Mizuno2
1Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, the Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
Abstract:
PCPS from P. citrinopileatus mushroom extract is a β-1,6-glucan possessing a proinflammatory effect on innate immune cells. The PCPS stimulated THP-1 macrophages to secrete significant levels of TNF. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of TNF and IL-1β were significantly enhanced by PCPS treatment. However, the PCPS did not induce to express both IL-12 and IL-10 mRNA in the macrophages. Next, the P. cornucopiae extract (containing mainly PCPS) treatment against mice showed significant increases in TNF and IL-1β mRNA expressions in the peritoneal macrophages of them. In this study, the expression levels of IFNγ mRNA in the spleen were almost the same between the extract- (PCPS-) treated group and control group. However, the expression of IL-4 mRNA showed a lower level in the extract-treated group than that in the control. Our results suggested that the PCPS could induce proinflammatory action in the immune response. In addition, the proinflammatory effect of the PCPS on THP-1 was enhanced by 5'-GMP-Na, while it was reduced by vitamin D2. These two compounds are majorly contained in the P. citrinopileatus mushroom. Therefore, these results suggested that the P. citrinopileatus mushroom might contain other immune regulative compounds, such as vitamin D2, as well as PCPS.
Insights
Polyporus citrinopileatus polysaccharide (PCPS) from P. citrinopileatus mushroom extract triggers proinflammatory immune responses. This beta-glucan enhances TNF and IL-1β expression, suggesting potential immunomodulatory applications.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Mycology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Polyporus citrinopileatus polysaccharide (PCPS), a β-1,6-glucan, is derived from P. citrinopileatus mushroom extract.
- PCPS exhibits immunomodulatory properties, particularly affecting innate immune cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the proinflammatory effects of PCPS on immune cells.
- To explore the impact of PCPS and other mushroom-derived compounds on immune gene expression in vitro and in vivo.
Main Methods:
- THP-1 macrophages were treated with PCPS to assess cytokine secretion and mRNA expression (TNF, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-10).
- Mice were treated with P. cornucopiae extract (rich in PCPS) to analyze mRNA expression of immune-related genes (TNF, IL-1β, IFNγ, IL-4) in peritoneal macrophages and spleen.
- The influence of 5'-GMP-Na and vitamin D2 on PCPS-induced proinflammatory effects was evaluated.
Main Results:
- PCPS significantly stimulated TNF secretion and enhanced TNF and IL-1β mRNA expression in THP-1 macrophages.
- PCPS did not induce IL-12 or IL-10 mRNA expression in macrophages.
- In mice, PCPS treatment increased TNF and IL-1β mRNA in peritoneal macrophages but did not alter IFNγ mRNA in the spleen.
- IL-4 mRNA expression was reduced in the PCPS-treated group compared to controls.
- 5'-GMP-Na enhanced PCPS's proinflammatory effect, while vitamin D2 reduced it.
Conclusions:
- PCPS induces a proinflammatory action in the immune response.
- The P. citrinopileatus mushroom contains PCPS, which modulates immune responses.
- Other compounds in P. citrinopileatus, such as vitamin D2, may also play a role in regulating immune activity.
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