Biodegradation of pyrene by Candida sp. S1 under high salinity conditions

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is a toxic recalcitrant environmental pollutant and its removal from the environment is very essential. In this study, a novel S1 strain isolated from the tropical rain forest was identified as Candida species based on 18S rRNA. The pyrene biodegradation was performed by Candida sp. S1. Pyrene was 35% degraded in 15 days. The percentage of pyrene biodegradation increased up to 75% with 24 g L^-1 of sodium chloride and decreased along with increasing salinity. Under the acidic condition, the biodegradation was increased up to 60% at pH 5. It was also found that the increasing glucose concentration of more than 10 g L^-1 had no significant effect on pyrene biodegradation, while agitation proved to have greater influence. There was a positive relationship between biomass growth and biodegradation rate of pyrene. One pyrene metabolite was identified from the extract solution and analyzed by a thin-layer chromatography, UV-visible absorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The metabolite found in the pyrene degradation was benzoic acid. Suitable conditions must be found to promote a successful microbial augmentation in liquid culture.