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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

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Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

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Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
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Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

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Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
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Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

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Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

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The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
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Methods to analyze big data in pharmacogenomics research.

Ruowang Li1, Dokyoon Kim2, Marylyn D Ritchie1,2

  • 1Bioinformatics & Genomics Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Pharmacogenomics
|June 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in pharmacogenomics research are driven by new molecular data techniques. This review covers big data analysis tools for identifying genetic factors influencing drug response.

Keywords:
GWASassociation analysisbig databiological knowledgeepistasisgenomicssystems genomics

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Pharmacogenomics research is expanding due to cost-effective molecular data generation.
  • New technologies present opportunities for identifying genetic factors influencing drug response.
  • Significant challenges, primarily 'big data' issues, accompany this expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review analysis techniques and tools for genetic and genomic discovery in pharmacogenomics.
  • To address the challenges posed by the increasing volume of data in pharmacogenomics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pharmacogenomic data analysis.
  • Description of 'big data' issues relevant to life sciences.
  • Identification of analysis techniques and tools used in pharmacogenomics.

Main Results:

  • The expansion of pharmacogenomics is fueled by technological advancements.
  • Genetic and genomic factors crucial for drug response can be identified.
  • Big data challenges are prevalent across life sciences, including pharmacogenomics.

Conclusions:

  • Effective analysis techniques and tools are essential for leveraging pharmacogenomic data.
  • Addressing big data challenges is critical for advancing genetic/genomic discovery in pharmacogenomics.
  • The field is poised for significant growth with the application of appropriate methodologies.